Sixteen cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma are presented. Electron microscopy of 15 cases demonstrated fibroblast‐like and mononuclear and multinucleated histiocyte‐like cells. A small capillary was at the center of all storiform areas exmained. Ultrastructural examination can be diagnostically useful within the context of a narrow differential diagnosis by conventional microscopy and the ability, by electron microscopy, to eliminate other mesenchymal cell types. In 13 cases, follow‐up information was available from 18 months to 9 years following histological diagnosis. Five patients are alive and 8 patients have died, including two non‐tumor related deaths. In 3 cases follow‐up was less than 4 months. The biologic behavior of the tumor in this series was generally not related to histopathological parameters. The issue of histogenesis is largely unresolvable. Ultrastructural studies of various types of fibrous histiocytomas, suggesting cells of origin other than histiocytes, give credence to the concept that the histiocyte may represent a morphologic state of a given mesenchymal cell rather than a particular cell type. Cancer 40:254–267, 1977.