Environmental and dietary stimuli have always been implicated in brain development and
behavioral responses. The gut, being the major portal of communication with the external
environment, has recently been brought to the forefront of this interaction with the
establishment of a gut–brain axis in health and disease. Moreover, recent breakthroughs in
germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice have demonstrated the significant impact of the
microbiome in modulating behavioral responses in mice and have established a more …