The nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family of protein serine/threonine kinases comprises mammalian NDR and large tumor suppressor (LATS) kinases, their orthologs from Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, and a number of related kinases from yeast and plants. The members of this family were independently implicated in various aspects of the control of cell division and morphogenesis. They are crucial regulators of the actin and tubulin cytoskeletal organization during polarized growth and cytokinesis in yeast. Furthermore, they are key players in control of proliferation and morphology of many cell types in D. melanogaster and C. elegans. In mammalians, the LATS kinase is a tumor suppressor, negatively regulating the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1, cell proliferation rate, and modulating cell survival.